Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices
Issued by NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge, LA
Issued by NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge, LA
385 FOUS54 KLIX 300917 PFWLIX Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices National Weather Service New Orleans LA 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 LAZ080-302100- Big Branch-South Western St Tammany Parish LA-Elev 3 ft 30.27N 89.90W Elev. 3 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 88 68 88 69 89 Temp 68 80 86 87 82 75 72 70 68 81 87 87 81 76 73 71 69 80 87 87 80 Dewpt 67 70 70 70 71 70 69 68 66 70 69 70 70 69 68 67 66 70 70 70 71 Min/Max RH 57 93 57 90 56 RH 95 73 59 57 69 84 89 92 92 69 57 57 69 79 84 87 90 72 58 59 74 Wind Dir N N W W SW NW N N N N N N N N NE NE NE NE E E SE Wind Spd 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 2 Clouds SC SC FW B1 B1 SC FW CL FW CL FW SC SC FW FW CL CL CL FW FW FW Clouds(%) 32 27 24 55 59 38 9 1 8 5 14 26 28 16 11 1 1 5 12 19 19 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 1600 3900 700 400 2400 5400 1200 500 2200 5600 Trans Wind Dir N W NW NE N N N NE NE E Trans Wind Spd 3 4 4 6 9 6 9 10 11 10 ADI 16 16 3 6 26 26 5 11 33 33 Max LVORI 6 3 7 7 5 3 5 6 4 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 68 84 71 85 69 85 68 84 Temp 72 69 81 76 73 71 82 77 72 70 83 78 71 68 81 76 Dewpt 70 66 73 73 71 70 74 73 71 68 71 71 67 64 70 69 Max/Min RH 93 75 99 75 99 65 89 65 RH 91 90 77 89 93 97 77 87 97 93 68 79 87 87 68 78 Wind Dir NE NE E E E NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 4 6 4 3 4 8 4 4 6 8 4 4 6 8 4 Avg Clouds FW FW B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC POP 12hr 5 40 40 50 30 30 20 30 Rain Showers S C C C C C C S S C S S S C Tstms S C C S S C C S S $$ MSZ080-302100- Hancock-Northern Hancock County MS-Elev 98 ft 30.45N 89.45W Elev. 98 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 88 67 88 68 89 Temp 66 80 86 87 81 74 71 68 67 80 86 86 79 74 73 70 68 79 85 87 80 Dewpt 65 70 69 68 71 69 67 65 65 70 68 68 69 67 67 66 65 70 69 68 70 Min/Max RH 53 94 54 90 53 RH 97 72 57 53 73 84 88 91 93 71 56 54 71 80 82 87 90 73 58 53 73 Wind Dir N NW W NW NW NW N N N N N N N N N N NE NE NE NE E Wind Spd 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 Clouds FW FW FW SC B1 SC FW CL FW CL FW SC FW FW CL CL CL CL FW FW SC Clouds(%) 21 11 24 50 68 49 10 5 6 2 18 27 24 18 5 2 3 2 8 14 28 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 5 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 2500 5800 1300 400 3200 6000 700 400 3100 6900 Trans Wind Dir NW W N NE N N N NE NE E Trans Wind Spd 4 5 4 5 8 9 8 8 11 9 ADI 22 22 2 5 30 43 4 10 36 38 Max LVORI 7 3 6 7 6 3 5 6 4 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 67 85 71 83 69 85 66 84 Temp 71 68 81 76 72 71 79 76 72 70 81 77 71 67 78 75 Dewpt 67 65 71 73 71 69 73 72 69 67 71 69 65 63 68 68 Max/Min RH 93 72 96 76 93 66 87 68 RH 87 90 72 89 94 93 81 89 91 90 71 78 83 87 71 79 Wind Dir NE NE E E NE NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 3 5 8 3 3 5 6 4 Avg Clouds FW FW SC B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC POP 12hr 5 40 30 50 20 30 20 20 Rain Showers S C C S C C S S S C S S S Tstms S C C S C S S $$ MSZ082-302100- Sandhill Crane-South Central Jackson County MS-Elev 25 ft 30.45N 88.66W Elev. 25 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 88 69 90 70 89 Temp 68 82 87 87 82 76 74 71 69 81 88 88 81 76 74 72 70 81 87 87 81 Dewpt 66 70 68 69 70 70 70 68 67 69 68 68 68 68 67 67 66 69 68 68 70 Min/Max RH 53 93 52 87 52 RH 93 67 53 55 67 82 87 90 93 67 52 52 65 76 79 84 87 67 53 53 71 Wind Dir N W SW SW SW W NW N N N N N NW N N N NE NE E SE SE Wind Spd 1 2 4 5 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 6 4 4 3 Clouds FW FW FW FW B1 SC SC FW CL FW FW SC SC SC FW CL CL CL FW FW FW Clouds(%) 13 7 23 19 53 48 37 11 2 7 16 26 26 28 20 3 4 4 18 20 15 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 2200 4900 600 400 2300 5400 500 400 2700 5600 Trans Wind Dir W SW W N N N N NE NE E Trans Wind Spd 4 8 5 5 8 6 6 8 10 9 ADI 25 25 3 5 22 27 4 10 30 30 Max LVORI 6 3 6 7 5 3 5 6 4 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 69 87 71 85 70 86 68 85 Temp 73 70 84 78 74 73 82 79 73 72 83 79 73 70 81 77 Dewpt 69 67 71 72 71 71 73 72 70 68 70 68 67 65 68 67 Max/Min RH 93 65 95 72 92 62 86 63 RH 87 90 65 82 90 92 74 81 90 87 65 69 80 84 65 71 Wind Dir NE NE E E E NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 4 6 4 3 4 8 4 4 8 9 5 4 8 8 5 Avg Clouds FW SC B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 B1 B1 SC B1 SC SC SC POP 12hr 5 40 40 60 30 40 20 30 Rain Showers S C C C C L C S S C S S S C Tstms S C C S S C C S S $$ MSZ082-302100- Grand Bay-Southeast Jackson County MS-Elev 7 ft 30.44N 88.42W Elev. 7 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 87 68 88 69 89 Temp 68 81 85 86 80 74 73 70 68 81 86 86 80 75 73 71 70 80 85 86 79 Dewpt 66 70 70 70 71 71 70 68 67 70 69 69 70 69 67 67 66 70 69 70 71 Min/Max RH 57 97 57 90 57 RH 93 69 61 59 74 90 90 93 97 69 57 57 72 82 81 87 87 72 59 59 77 Wind Dir N W SW SW SW W N N N N N N N N N N N NE E E SE Wind Spd 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 5 4 4 2 Clouds FW FW FW FW B1 B1 SC FW CL CL FW FW FW SC FW CL FW CL FW FW FW Clouds(%) 18 6 21 15 58 54 38 19 4 5 13 19 23 27 18 4 6 2 9 14 19 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 1600 4500 500 400 2400 5300 600 400 2700 5000 Trans Wind Dir W SW W N N N N NE NE E Trans Wind Spd 4 8 4 5 8 6 6 8 10 9 ADI 24 24 3 5 22 26 4 10 26 25 Max LVORI 6 3 7 7 5 3 5 6 4 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 69 85 71 83 70 85 68 84 Temp 72 70 82 77 73 73 81 77 72 71 82 78 72 69 80 75 Dewpt 69 68 72 73 71 71 74 73 70 68 71 69 67 65 69 69 Max/Min RH 97 69 97 79 97 67 87 67 RH 90 93 72 87 93 93 79 87 93 90 69 74 84 87 69 82 Wind Dir NE NE E E E NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 3 6 3 3 4 8 4 3 6 9 4 4 6 8 4 Avg Clouds FW SC B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 B1 SC B1 SC SC SC POP 12hr 5 40 50 60 30 40 20 30 Rain Showers S C C C C L C S S C S S S C Tstms S C C S S C C S S $$ MSZ070-302100- Pike-Northern Pike County MS-Elev 366 ft 31.19N 90.48W Elev. 366 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 86 65 86 66 87 Temp 64 78 84 85 80 72 69 67 65 79 84 85 78 72 70 68 66 78 85 85 78 Dewpt 63 68 66 66 66 66 65 64 64 68 67 67 66 66 66 64 64 68 66 65 64 Min/Max RH 53 97 55 93 50 RH 98 70 55 53 62 81 87 92 97 69 57 55 68 81 86 87 93 71 53 52 62 Wind Dir N NW NW NW N N NE N N N N N N N N N N NE NE NE N Wind Spd 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 1 2 4 6 6 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 Clouds FW SC SC B1 SC FW FW FW FW FW SC FW FW FW CL FW FW CL FW FW FW Clouds(%) 22 29 33 55 32 9 6 6 9 10 26 24 13 8 5 8 8 3 13 10 10 Visibility 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 3 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 5 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 2300 5200 700 400 2900 4600 1000 400 2500 5800 Trans Wind Dir NW NW NE NE N N N NE NE NE Trans Wind Spd 4 6 4 4 8 12 9 9 10 8 ADI 25 25 3 4 34 37 5 10 34 34 Max LVORI 7 3 6 8 6 3 6 6 5 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 63 87 67 84 66 85 63 84 Temp 68 64 84 76 69 68 82 76 70 67 82 77 68 65 80 74 Dewpt 62 60 66 67 66 65 69 68 66 65 67 65 62 60 64 62 Max/Min RH 90 53 93 63 96 57 87 54 RH 81 87 55 74 90 90 65 75 87 92 60 67 81 84 57 66 Wind Dir NE NE E E E NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 3 4 4 2 4 6 4 3 6 8 5 4 5 8 4 Avg Clouds FW CL FW SC B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC FW FW FW POP 12hr 0 20 10 30 10 20 10 20 Rain Showers S C S S Tstms S S S $$ MSZ082-302100- Vancleave-Northern Jackson County MS-Elev 125 ft 30.62N 88.71W Elev. 125 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 88 68 89 69 90 Temp 67 81 86 87 81 74 72 70 68 81 87 87 80 75 73 71 69 80 87 88 80 Dewpt 65 70 68 68 70 70 68 67 66 69 68 67 68 67 67 66 66 70 68 68 70 Min/Max RH 53 93 52 90 50 RH 93 69 55 53 69 87 87 90 93 67 53 52 67 76 81 84 90 72 53 52 72 Wind Dir N W W SW SW W N N N N N N N N N N N NE NE E SE Wind Spd 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 Clouds FW FW SC SC B1 B1 FW FW CL CL FW SC SC SC FW CL CL CL FW FW FW Clouds(%) 12 6 27 35 57 57 25 11 0 4 12 27 27 27 18 2 3 4 14 16 23 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 2400 5400 500 400 2700 6000 600 500 2900 6600 Trans Wind Dir NW SW W N N N N NE NE E Trans Wind Spd 4 8 4 5 8 8 8 8 10 8 ADI 25 25 3 5 27 32 4 10 28 34 Max LVORI 6 3 6 7 5 3 5 6 4 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 68 86 71 84 69 85 67 84 Temp 71 69 83 77 73 72 81 77 72 70 82 77 71 68 79 75 Dewpt 68 66 70 73 71 70 73 72 69 68 70 68 66 64 68 67 Max/Min RH 93 65 93 74 93 63 87 67 RH 90 90 65 87 93 93 77 85 90 93 67 74 84 87 69 76 Wind Dir NE NE E E E NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 3 4 3 2 4 5 3 3 6 8 4 4 6 6 4 Avg Clouds FW FW B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC POP 12hr 5 40 40 60 20 30 20 30 Rain Showers S C C C C L S S S C S S C Tstms S C C S S C S S S $$ MSZ081-302100- Camp Keller-Northern Harrison County MS-Elev 130 ft 30.52N 88.98W Elev. 130 ft 417 AM CDT Mon Sep 30 2024 Date Mon 09/30/24 Tue 10/01/24 Wed 10/02/24 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 CDT 3hrly 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 Max/Min 88 69 88 70 89 Temp 69 81 86 87 82 76 74 71 69 81 87 87 81 76 74 72 71 80 87 87 80 Dewpt 65 69 68 68 69 70 68 67 65 68 67 66 67 67 67 66 65 68 67 67 69 Min/Max RH 53 87 50 84 50 RH 87 67 55 53 65 82 82 87 87 65 52 50 63 74 79 81 81 67 52 52 69 Wind Dir N NW SW SW SW NW N N N N N N N N N N N NE NE E SE Wind Spd 1 2 4 5 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 5 6 6 4 4 3 Clouds FW FW SC SC B1 B1 FW FW CL CL FW SC FW SC FW CL CL CL FW FW FW Clouds(%) 21 8 34 47 53 66 19 8 1 3 21 31 25 26 17 2 2 4 21 21 23 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 POP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 LAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mix Hgt 2300 5100 600 400 2600 5700 600 400 2800 6000 Trans Wind Dir NW SW W N N N N N NE E Trans Wind Spd 5 8 4 5 9 6 8 9 11 9 ADI 25 25 3 6 26 26 5 10 30 30 Max LVORI 6 3 5 6 5 3 4 6 4 3 Stability B B F F B B F F B B Date Thu 10/03/24Fri 10/04/24Sat 10/05/24Sun 10/06/24 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Min/Max 69 86 72 84 70 85 68 84 Temp 73 70 82 78 74 73 82 78 73 71 83 79 73 70 80 77 Dewpt 68 66 70 72 71 70 72 72 69 68 69 68 66 64 67 67 Max/Min RH 90 67 90 70 90 61 84 65 RH 84 87 67 82 90 90 72 82 87 90 63 69 79 81 65 71 Wind Dir NE NE E E E NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 3 4 6 4 3 5 8 4 4 8 8 5 5 8 8 5 Avg Clouds FW FW B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 SC B1 SC SC SC SC SC POP 12hr 5 40 40 60 30 30 20 30 Rain Showers S C C C C L C S S C S S S C Tstms S C C S S C C S $$ This product is for planning and review purposes only and is not to be substituted for an official fire weather spot forecast. The data displayed are calculated from a 2.5 by 2.5 km digital database and only approximates weather conditions in varying terrain near the coast. Please relay any comments you have to the NWS via email at sr-lix.webmaster.gov. Below is a weather element key for this product. (Note...Winds do not reflect local terrain effects.) Day 1 Through 3... Max/Min Temp or Min/Max Temp(f).....Maximum/Minimum Air Temperature Temp(F).............................Air Temperature Dewpt(F)............................Dew Point Temperature Min/Max RH or Max/Min RH(%).........Maximum/Minimum Humidity RH(%)...............................Relative Humidity Wind Dir(8 point compass)...........20 ft. Wind Direction Wind Dir Deg(degrees)...............20 ft. Wind direction in tens of degrees relative to due north. Example: 09 = 90 degrees = East; 18 = 180 degrees = South; 27 = 270 degrees = West; 36 = 360 degrees = North Wind Spd(mph).......................20 ft. Wind Speed Wind Gust(mph)......................20 ft. Wind Gust Wind Chill..........................Wind Chill Temperature Heat Indx...........................Heat Index Clouds(cat).........................Cloud cover category EXAMPLE: CL = Clear; FW = Few; SC = Scattered; B1 = Mostly Cloudy; B2 = Considerable Clouds; OV = Overcast Clouds(%)...........................Cloud cover as a percentage Visibility..........................Visibility value in statute miles POP 12hr(%).........................Probability for accumulating precipitation QPF 12hr(in)........................Liquid equivalent precipitation amount WEATHER... TYPE... Rain...........Rain Rain Shwrs.....Rain Showers Tstms..........Thunderstorms Drizzle........Drizzle Snow...........Snow SnowShwrs......Snow Showers Sleet..........Sleet Flurries.......Flurries Frzg Rain......Freezing Rain Frzg Drzl......Freezing Drizzle Coverage... S..............Slight Chance C..............Chance L..............Likely O..............Occasional D..............Definite AR.............Areas PA.............Patchy OBVIS...............................Obstruction to Visibility TYPE... F..............Fog PF.............Patchy Fog F+.............Dense Fog H..............Haze BS.............Blowing Snow K..............Smoke BD.............Blowing Dust AF.............Volcanic Ashfall LAL(cat)............................Lightning Activity Level Mix Hgt(ft AGL).....................Mixing Height T Wind Dir(8 point compass).........Transport wind direction T Wind Spd(mph).....................Transport wind speed ADI (Index).........................Atmospheric Dispersion Index Ceiling (ft)........................Ceiling Max LVORI (Index)...................Low visibility occurrence risk index Stability (cat).....................Pasquill Turner Stability Watch/Warning/Advisory... Example: W = Warning; Y = Advisory; A = Watch in effect for the indicated hour Day 4 Through 7... Max/Min Temp or Min/Max Temp(f).....Maximum/Minimum Air Temperature Temp(f).............................Air Temperature Dewpt(f)............................Dew Point Temperature RH(%)...............................Relative Humidity Wind Dir............................20 ft. Wind direction WIND Spd(mph).......................20 ft. Wind speed Avg Clouds(cat).....................Average cloud cover category POP 12hr(%).........................Probability for accumulating Precipitation Weather... See Day 1 through 3 weather descriptions