Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
664 UXUS97 KPUB 111210 SRGPUB Soaring Forecast National Weather Service Pueblo, Colorado 0610 MDT Thursday, July 11, 2024 This forecast is for Villa Grove, CO for Thursday, July 11, 2024: If the trigger temperature of 68.4 F/20.2 C is reached...then Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent Maximum rate of lift........................ 1591 ft/min (8.1 m/s) Maximum height of thermals.................. 24772 ft MSL (15786 ft AGL) Forecast maximum temperature................... 82.0 F/28.2 C Time of trigger temperature.................... 0945 MDT Time of overdevelopment........................ 1700 MDT Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less Height of the -3 thermal index................. 21454 ft MSL (12468 ft AGL) Thermal soaring outlook for Friday 07/12....... Excellent Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available Remarks... Sunrise/Sunset.................... 05:50:13 / 20:28:14 MDT Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 38 min 1 sec (878 min 1 sec) Altitude of sun at 13:09:13 MDT... 73.57 degrees Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 07/11/2024 at 0600 MDT Freezing level.................. 16202 ft MSL (7216 ft AGL) Convective condensation level... 17281 ft MSL (8295 ft AGL) Lifted condensation level....... 19628 ft MSL (10641 ft AGL) Lifted index.................... -6.7 K index......................... +20.7 Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -59.2 -74.6 005 21 11 2.7 1.5 M M M M M 45000 -55.5 -67.9 005 28 14 2.1 1.2 M M M M M 40000 -51.7 -61.1 005 28 14 4.5 2.5 M M M M M 38000 -49.0 -56.2 005 28 14 4.5 2.5 M M M M M 36000 -46.3 -51.3 005 28 14 4.5 2.5 M M M M M 34000 -41.9 -43.4 360 26 14 7.6 4.2 M M M M M 32000 -37.3 -35.1 360 25 13 7.6 4.2 M M M M M 30000 -32.6 -26.7 360 23 12 8.0 4.4 31.6 88.9 3.0 M M 29000 -30.2 -22.4 360 22 11 8.0 4.4 31.0 87.8 2.6 M M 28000 -27.3 -17.1 360 21 11 7.7 4.2 30.3 86.5 2.0 M M 27000 -25.0 -13.0 355 18 9 7.8 4.3 29.4 85.0 1.3 M M 26000 -22.7 -8.9 355 16 8 7.8 4.3 28.7 83.7 0.7 M M 25000 -20.4 -4.7 355 14 7 7.2 4.0 28.1 82.6 0.2 M M 24000 -18.4 -1.1 005 14 7 6.8 3.7 27.0 80.5 -0.8 1517 7.7 23000 -16.4 2.5 015 15 8 6.8 3.7 25.9 78.7 -1.7 1428 7.3 22000 -14.3 6.3 020 17 9 7.5 4.1 25.0 77.1 -2.6 1337 6.8 21000 -12.1 10.2 025 19 10 7.8 4.3 24.3 75.7 -3.3 1240 6.3 20000 -9.8 14.4 025 20 11 7.8 4.3 23.6 74.5 -4.0 1142 5.8 19500 -8.7 16.3 025 21 11 8.1 4.4 23.3 74.0 -4.3 1094 5.6 19000 -7.4 18.7 025 22 11 9.0 4.9 23.2 73.7 -4.5 1041 5.3 18500 -6.1 21.0 025 21 11 9.0 4.9 23.0 73.5 -4.7 987 5.0 18000 -4.8 23.4 025 21 11 8.8 4.8 22.9 73.2 -4.9 933 4.7 17500 -3.5 25.7 025 20 10 8.8 4.8 22.7 72.9 -5.1 880 4.5 17000 -2.2 28.0 025 19 10 8.7 4.8 22.6 72.7 -5.3 827 4.2 16500 -1.0 30.2 020 17 9 8.4 4.6 22.4 72.3 -5.6 775 3.9 16000 0.2 32.4 020 15 8 8.4 4.6 22.2 71.9 -5.8 723 3.7 15500 1.5 34.7 015 14 7 8.6 4.7 22.0 71.6 -6.0 671 3.4 15000 3.4 38.1 010 11 6 8.6 4.7 21.7 71.1 -6.4 592 3.0 14500 4.6 40.3 005 10 5 8.6 4.7 21.5 70.7 -6.6 540 2.7 14000 5.9 42.6 355 9 5 8.9 4.9 21.4 70.5 -6.8 486 2.5 13500 7.3 45.1 340 9 4 9.4 5.1 21.3 70.3 -7.0 432 2.2 13000 8.4 47.1 325 8 4 7.0 3.9 21.0 69.8 -7.3 383 1.9 12500 9.4 48.9 310 8 4 6.9 3.8 20.6 69.1 -7.8 338 1.7 12000 10.3 50.5 290 7 4 5.8 3.2 20.2 68.3 -8.4 295 1.5 11750 10.7 51.3 275 8 4 4.2 2.3 19.8 67.6 -8.8 278 1.4 11500 11.0 51.8 265 8 4 4.1 2.3 19.4 66.9 -9.3 262 1.3 11250 11.2 52.2 260 9 5 3.8 2.1 18.9 66.0 -9.7 246 1.3 11000 11.5 52.7 250 10 5 3.8 2.1 18.5 65.2 -10.2 230 1.2 10750 11.8 53.2 245 11 6 4.0 2.2 18.0 64.4 -10.7 215 1.1 10500 12.1 53.8 245 12 6 3.3 1.8 17.6 63.6 -11.2 199 1.0 10250 12.2 54.0 240 12 6 2.6 1.4 17.0 62.7 -11.7 186 0.9 10000 12.4 54.3 240 12 6 2.7 1.5 16.5 61.7 -12.3 174 0.9 9750 12.6 54.7 240 12 6 3.1 1.7 16.0 60.8 -12.9 161 0.8 9500 12.6 54.7 240 11 6 -5.7 -3.1 15.3 59.5 -13.6 153 0.8 9250 11.5 52.7 240 8 4 -21.5 -11.8 13.5 56.3 -15.5 178 0.9 9000 10.5 50.9 250 5 3 6.9 3.8 11.7 53.1 -17.3 203 1.0 8750 M M M M M M M M M M M M 8500 M M M M M M M M M M M M 8250 M M M M M M M M M M M M 8000 M M M M M M M M M M M M * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * * 07/11/2024 at 0900 MDT | 07/11/2024 at 1200 MDT | CAPE... +521.4 LI... -1.7 | CAPE... +942.7 LI... -3.5 CINH... -109.7 K Index... +25.1 | CINH... -1.2 K Index... +27.8 | Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -59.5 -75.1 020 18 9 2.4 1.3 | -59.1 -74.4 015 17 9 2.2 1.2 45000 -55.9 -68.6 015 25 13 2.5 1.3 | -55.9 -68.6 005 22 11 1.9 1.0 40000 -51.4 -60.5 015 36 19 5.2 2.9 | -52.2 -62.0 010 32 17 5.5 3.0 38000 -48.3 -54.9 020 36 19 5.2 2.9 | -48.9 -56.0 010 31 16 5.5 3.0 36000 -45.2 -49.4 025 36 19 5.4 3.0 | -45.6 -50.1 015 31 16 5.9 3.2 34000 -40.9 -41.6 020 32 16 7.2 4.0 | -41.0 -41.8 015 29 15 7.7 4.2 32000 -36.6 -33.9 015 28 14 7.2 3.9 | -36.4 -33.5 015 28 14 7.6 4.2 30000 -32.1 -25.8 005 25 13 7.5 4.1 | -31.7 -25.1 015 24 13 7.9 4.4 29000 -29.9 -21.8 005 24 13 7.6 4.1 | -29.3 -20.7 015 23 12 7.9 4.4 28000 -27.1 -16.8 360 23 12 6.5 3.5 | -26.4 -15.5 015 20 10 7.2 4.0 27000 -25.2 -13.4 360 20 10 6.6 3.6 | -24.3 -11.7 010 19 10 7.3 4.0 26000 -23.2 -9.8 005 17 9 6.6 3.6 | -22.1 -7.8 010 17 9 7.3 4.0 25000 -21.3 -6.3 010 14 7 6.8 3.7 | -19.9 -3.8 005 15 8 6.6 3.6 24000 -19.3 -2.7 015 15 8 6.9 3.8 | -18.1 -0.6 005 14 7 6.4 3.5 23000 -17.3 0.9 020 16 8 7.0 3.8 | -16.2 2.8 005 12 6 6.5 3.5 22000 -15.2 4.6 025 17 9 8.5 4.7 | -14.3 6.3 360 12 6 7.7 4.2 21000 -12.7 9.1 015 17 9 8.8 4.8 | -12.0 10.4 360 13 7 7.9 4.3 20000 -10.1 13.8 010 18 9 8.9 4.9 | -9.7 14.5 355 15 8 7.9 4.3 19500 -8.8 16.2 010 18 9 8.7 4.8 | -8.6 16.5 355 16 8 8.1 4.4 19000 -7.5 18.5 010 18 9 8.5 4.6 | -7.4 18.7 355 16 8 8.4 4.6 18500 -6.3 20.7 010 18 9 8.4 4.6 | -6.2 20.8 355 15 8 8.4 4.6 18000 -5.0 23.0 010 17 9 9.5 5.2 | -4.9 23.2 350 15 7 9.3 5.1 17500 -3.5 25.7 010 17 9 9.6 5.3 | -3.6 25.5 350 14 7 9.4 5.2 17000 -2.1 28.2 010 16 8 9.5 5.2 | -2.2 28.0 350 13 7 9.5 5.2 16500 -0.7 30.7 010 15 8 9.2 5.1 | -0.8 30.6 350 12 6 9.5 5.2 16000 0.6 33.1 010 15 7 9.2 5.1 | 0.6 33.1 350 12 6 9.6 5.2 15500 2.0 35.6 010 14 7 9.4 5.1 | 2.0 35.6 350 11 6 9.2 5.1 15000 3.4 38.1 010 13 7 9.5 5.2 | 3.3 37.9 355 10 5 9.4 5.2 14500 5.3 41.5 005 12 6 8.3 4.5 | 4.6 40.3 355 9 4 8.1 4.4 14000 6.6 43.9 360 12 6 9.0 4.9 | 6.7 44.1 355 6 3 9.9 5.4 13500 8.0 46.4 355 11 6 9.5 5.2 | 8.2 46.8 355 5 2 10.3 5.7 13000 9.3 48.7 350 11 5 8.5 4.7 | 9.6 49.3 355 4 2 8.9 4.9 12500 10.5 50.9 340 10 5 8.3 4.5 | 11.0 51.8 360 3 1 10.1 5.5 12000 11.7 53.1 330 9 5 7.0 3.9 | 12.5 54.5 005 2 1 9.6 5.3 11750 12.1 53.8 325 9 5 5.1 2.8 | 13.2 55.8 010 2 1 9.3 5.1 11500 12.4 54.3 315 8 4 4.1 2.3 | 13.9 57.0 015 2 1 9.8 5.4 11250 12.6 54.7 300 8 4 3.3 1.8 | 14.6 58.3 020 2 1 9.9 5.5 11000 12.9 55.2 290 8 4 3.5 1.9 | 15.3 59.5 025 2 1 9.9 5.4 10750 13.1 55.6 275 8 4 3.9 2.2 | 16.1 61.0 030 2 1 10.2 5.6 10500 13.4 56.1 270 9 5 4.3 2.4 | 16.9 62.4 035 2 1 10.5 5.8 10250 13.7 56.7 260 9 5 4.4 2.4 | 17.6 63.7 040 2 1 10.7 5.9 10000 13.9 57.0 255 9 5 3.9 2.1 | 18.4 65.1 045 2 1 10.3 5.6 9750 14.2 57.6 245 9 5 6.0 3.3 | 19.2 66.6 055 2 1 11.7 6.4 9500 14.8 58.6 245 9 4 13.1 7.2 | 20.3 68.5 060 2 1 18.7 10.3 9250 16.0 60.8 240 7 4 18.3 10.0 | 22.0 71.6 070 1 1 26.3 14.4 9000 17.2 63.0 230 6 3 11.1 6.1 | 23.6 74.5 080 1 1 14.2 7.8 8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 07/11/2024 at 1500 MDT | 07/11/2024 at 1800 MDT | CAPE... +1148.1 LI... -3.2 | CAPE... +688.5 LI... -2.2 CINH... -19.2 K Index... +24.6 | CINH... -35.5 K Index... +27.4 | Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -59.4 -74.9 020 15 8 3.3 1.8 | -59.5 -75.1 025 13 6 4.0 2.2 45000 -55.1 -67.2 005 19 10 1.7 0.9 | -55.4 -67.7 360 18 9 0.1 0.0 40000 -51.8 -61.2 360 28 15 5.3 2.9 | -53.6 -64.5 355 26 13 7.6 4.1 38000 -48.6 -55.5 360 28 14 5.3 2.9 | -49.1 -56.4 345 22 11 7.5 4.1 36000 -45.5 -49.9 005 27 14 5.7 3.1 | -44.6 -48.3 330 19 10 7.6 4.2 34000 -40.9 -41.6 010 24 12 7.7 4.2 | -39.8 -39.6 330 18 9 8.1 4.4 32000 -36.3 -33.3 015 22 11 7.6 4.2 | -34.3 -29.7 335 17 9 8.6 4.7 30000 -31.0 -23.8 020 20 10 7.9 4.3 | -29.7 -21.5 345 18 9 7.8 4.3 29000 -28.7 -19.7 025 19 10 7.9 4.3 | -27.4 -17.3 345 19 10 7.8 4.3 28000 -26.3 -15.3 030 18 10 8.4 4.6 | -25.2 -13.4 350 20 10 7.0 3.9 27000 -23.8 -10.8 025 17 9 8.4 4.6 | -23.1 -9.6 350 20 10 7.1 3.9 26000 -21.3 -6.3 020 15 8 8.4 4.6 | -21.0 -5.8 350 20 10 7.1 3.9 25000 -18.8 -1.8 020 14 7 7.1 3.9 | -18.9 -2.0 355 20 10 7.0 3.9 24000 -16.9 1.6 010 13 7 6.6 3.6 | -16.8 1.8 355 20 10 7.0 3.8 23000 -15.0 5.0 360 12 6 6.6 3.6 | -14.8 5.4 355 20 10 7.0 3.9 22000 -13.0 8.6 350 11 6 7.2 4.0 | -12.7 9.1 355 20 10 7.2 3.9 21000 -10.9 12.4 355 12 6 7.4 4.1 | -10.6 12.9 355 20 10 7.2 4.0 20000 -8.7 16.3 360 12 6 7.5 4.1 | -8.5 16.7 355 20 10 7.3 4.0 19500 -7.6 18.3 005 12 6 7.8 4.3 | -7.5 18.5 355 20 10 7.4 4.0 19000 -6.4 20.5 005 12 6 8.5 4.7 | -6.4 20.5 360 19 10 7.7 4.2 18500 -5.2 22.6 005 11 6 8.5 4.7 | -5.3 22.5 360 18 9 7.7 4.2 18000 -3.9 25.0 005 10 5 8.7 4.7 | -3.7 25.3 005 16 8 7.0 3.8 17500 -2.7 27.1 010 8 4 8.7 4.8 | -2.7 27.1 005 14 7 7.1 3.9 17000 -1.5 29.3 010 6 3 8.9 4.9 | -1.7 28.9 010 12 6 6.9 3.8 16500 -0.2 31.6 010 5 2 9.2 5.0 | -0.7 30.7 015 10 5 6.9 3.8 16000 1.1 34.0 020 3 2 9.2 5.0 | 0.3 32.5 020 8 4 7.1 3.9 15500 3.1 37.6 030 2 1 9.3 5.1 | 1.4 34.5 025 6 3 7.6 4.2 15000 4.5 40.1 040 2 1 9.4 5.2 | 2.5 36.5 035 5 2 7.5 4.1 14500 5.9 42.6 045 1 1 9.2 5.0 | 3.7 38.7 050 3 2 9.0 4.9 14000 7.2 45.0 050 1 1 8.9 4.9 | 4.9 40.8 070 2 1 7.9 4.3 13500 8.7 47.7 055 1 0 10.8 5.9 | 6.1 43.0 105 2 1 9.4 5.2 13000 10.0 50.0 065 1 0 7.9 4.3 | 7.2 45.0 135 2 1 6.2 3.4 12500 11.3 52.3 000 0 0 9.0 4.9 | 8.2 46.8 165 2 1 7.7 4.2 12000 12.6 54.7 235 1 0 7.7 4.2 | 9.4 48.9 180 2 1 6.9 3.8 11750 13.1 55.6 235 1 1 6.6 3.6 | 9.8 49.6 190 2 1 5.3 2.9 11500 13.6 56.5 235 2 1 8.3 4.5 | 10.3 50.5 200 3 1 6.8 3.8 11250 14.2 57.6 235 2 1 9.0 4.9 | 10.8 51.4 205 3 1 7.4 4.1 11000 14.9 58.8 235 2 1 8.9 4.9 | 11.3 52.3 215 3 2 7.8 4.3 10750 15.5 59.9 235 3 1 8.4 4.6 | 11.8 53.2 220 3 2 4.7 2.6 10500 16.1 61.0 235 3 1 9.2 5.0 | 12.1 53.8 225 4 2 5.7 3.1 10250 16.8 62.2 235 3 1 10.1 5.5 | 12.7 54.9 230 5 2 9.2 5.1 10000 17.5 63.5 230 3 2 10.3 5.6 | 13.3 55.9 230 5 3 9.1 5.0 9750 18.3 64.9 230 3 2 8.6 4.7 | 13.9 57.0 235 6 3 6.3 3.4 9500 18.9 66.0 230 3 2 15.3 8.4 | 14.2 57.6 240 6 3 7.5 4.1 9250 20.7 69.3 230 3 2 31.6 17.3 | 15.1 59.2 240 6 3 18.8 10.3 9000 22.4 72.3 230 3 2 1.2 0.7 | M M M M M M M 8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M ________________________________________________________________________________ This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT (1330 UTC). It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance. The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or numerical weather prediction model data taken near Villa Grove, Colorado at: North Latitude: 38 deg 16 min 03 sec West Longitude: 105 deg 53 min 37 sec Elevation: 7986 feet (2434 meters) and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should not be used. The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in the soaring forecast. DEFINITIONS: CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the energy available for convective development, also known as the positive area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should convective activity develop. CIN (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft, lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.) Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass, if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are produced by surface heating only. Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a "trigger temperature" for that level. Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius. Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain waves. K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158 and is reproduced in the following table: below -10 no or weak thermals -10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals 5 to 15 good soaring conditions 15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers 20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing probability of showers and thunderstorms above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate inversions. Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation. Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with positive values showing stable conditions. Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation. Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index are applied to these calculations. Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature. Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger temperature and the time of overdevelopment. Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus) or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud. Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests that little sunlight is reaching the ground. Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights: 1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists) where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more 2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists) where the wind speed no longer increases with height PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA) on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring. Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached and the time of overdevelopment. Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values are indicative of thermal lift. Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following: Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating >= 800 fpm Excellent >= 400 and < 800 fpm Good >= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair < 200 fpm Poor Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena, which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur: 1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover 2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts 3. initiation of widespread precipitation Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to reach the trigger temperature. Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000 feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic. Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough movements. 042613