991
FXUS63 KIWX 160527
AFDIWX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
127 AM EDT Tue Jul 16 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- A cold front moves through today with additional chances for
  showers and storms (20-50%).

- Cooler, drier weather is anticipated midweek through next
  weekend with highs in the mid 70s to low 80s.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 203 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024

There is high confidence in severe weather occurring late tonight
into early Tuesday morning, mainly in the 10 PM to 4 AM EDT
timeframe. SPC has expanded the 30% hatched wind probabilities east
across our CWA in the newest Day 1 Outlook, prompting an expansion
of the Enhanced Risk (level 3 of 5) further eastward into northwest
Ohio. Scattered supercells/clusters of storms will develop across
eastern Iowa this afternoon, and as those storms propagate
eastward, they will become organized into a well defined bow-
echo/MCS. This large linear complex of strengthening severe
storms will race along the highest theta-e axis through eastern
IA, northern IL, and into northern IN. Strong buoyancy,
increasing vertical shear (30 to 35 kts), and favorable
thermodynamics in place, which may result in a high impact damaging
wind event overnight. Given that the ground is still so
saturated from recent rain, especially in northwest Indiana,
even wind gusts 40 to 50 mph will take down trees and
powerlines. With damaging wind gusts of 60 to 70+ mph expected,
widespread wind damage is possible. With MLCAPE of 3000 to 5000
J/kg across much of the Enhanced Risk, this bow-echo could
sustain itself well after dark and maintain a widespread swath
of wind damage (as seen in members of the HREF ensemble) into
our CWA. A derecho is possible from eastern Iowa to northern
Indiana. Widespread damaging winds 60 to 75 mph are likely
overnight, with significant gusts over 75 mph possible. A few
tornadoes are possible as well, especially in the Enhanced Risk
area, given the expansion of the 5% tornado risk. There will be
ample 0-1 km shear of 25 to 35 kts to work with and very strong
0-3 km SRH between 200 to 250 m2/s2. Stay weather aware tonight
and have multiple ways to receive warnings that will wake you
up!!

In addition to the severe threat overnight, we are growing
increasingly concerned with the flash flood threat overnight as
well. Soundings depict extreme PWATs 2 to 2.25", a very deep
warm cloud layer of up to 15,000 ft, and a favorable vertical
CAPE profile. Thus, warm rain processes will be incredibly
efficient overnight, especially if the bow-echo backbuilds,
resulting in potentially extreme rainfall rates in excess of
2-3" per hour. Given that many locations in the Wabash and St
Joseph river basins have accumulated 5 to 8+ inches of rain in
the past week, the ground is saturated and river levels are
still somewhat high. Instances of scattered flash flooding will
be most common in the Flood Watch that in effect for along and
west of the US 31 corridor.

An upper level trough will pivot through the Great Lakes on Tuesday,
resulting in chances for storms ahead of and along a cold front. The
best chances for rain/storms will be along and south of the US 24
corridor in the afternoon and evening Tuesday. There is a Marginal
Risk (level 1 of 5) for severe weather.

A continental, cooler airmass from Canada will sink south midweek,
resulting in seasonable highs in the 70s, a stark decrease in
humidity, and dry conditions. It will be a nice change of pace
compared to the active weather we have dealt with the past few
days!

&&

.AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z WEDNESDAY/...
Issued at 124 AM EDT Tue Jul 16 2024

MCS remnants clear early this morning with MVFR cigs settling
in for a time. Main composite outflow boundary to become the
focus for renewed convection this afternoon/evening south of the
terminals, though a cold front drops in with non-zero chances
for widely scattered convection mid afternoon through early
evening at mainly KFWA. Point chances are too low for a mention
in the TAF. Mainly VFR otherwise late morning through tonight.

&&

.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IN...Flood Watch until 8 AM EDT /7 AM CDT/ this morning for
     INZ005>008-012>015-017-020-022-103-104-116-203-204-216.
     Lakeshore Flood Warning until 6 AM CDT early this morning for
     INZ103.
OH...None.
MI...Flood Watch until 8 AM EDT this morning for MIZ078>081-177-277.
     Lakeshore Flood Warning until 7 AM EDT this morning for MIZ177-
     277.
MARINE...None.

&&

$$

DISCUSSION...Johnson
AVIATION...Steinwedel