Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Buffalo, NY
Issued by NWS Buffalo, NY
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643 FXUS61 KBUF 141911 AFDBUF Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Buffalo NY 311 PM EDT Sun Jul 14 2024 .SYNOPSIS... High pressure over eastern New York and New England will drift to the Atlantic coastline through tonight...while also giving way to the first in a series of disturbances that will bring a few showers and thunderstorms to far western New York this afternoon...then to the rest of the area tonight. Very warm and sultry conditions will then follow for Monday and Tuesday along with periodic chances of showers and thunderstorms. A cold front will then cross the area between Tuesday night and Wednesday along with some more showers and thunderstorms...with notably cooler and drier air then following in its wake for the rest of the week. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH MONDAY/... The first in a series of convectively augmented shortwaves is currently working across nearby southern Ontario...and is generating a couple areas of convection that are lifting northeastward. The first of these is line of showers and storms between Hamilton and Georgian Bay...while the second is a smaller cluster of showers and storms located near Erie Pennsylvania. As we push through the rest of the afternoon this initial shortwave will make its way across far western New York. Our current airmass is notably drier and more stable compared to the source region of the convection and is thus likely to take at least some toll on the showers and storms as these try to push into our area...though given current radar trends feel at least some of this activity will survive the trip into our area. The greatest potential for this will be across the western Southern Tier (and to a lesser extent) Niagara county...and have upped both PoPs and thunder probabilities a bit from continuity to account for this...with the best chances for any thunder found across the Southern Tier. Otherwise it will be very warm with most areas seeing highs between 85 and 90...and surface dewpoints generally slowly rising through the 60s. This first shortwave will push east across the rest of the area this evening...with its associated convection continuing to weaken as it pushes further east into progressively drier and more stable air. A relative lull will then ensue...before one or more additional such impulses arrive overnight in concert with increasing instability as a warmer and increasingly moist airmass overspreads our region. This will support the potential for at least some additional scattered showers and storms overnight. Otherwise it will be notably more uncomfortable than the last couple of nights...with surface dewpoints climbing into the mid to upper 60s...and low temperatures having trouble falling below the upper 60s and lower 70s in many places. On Monday at least one more convectively-augmented wave looks to cross the region during the day...however the timing and placement of this wave remains much in question at this time. Regardless... this feature along with developing lake breeze boundaries should help to generate at least some additional scattered showers and thunderstorms...with this activity possibly becoming a bit more numerous inland from the lakes during the afternoon...particularly if the shortwave passage aligns with peak diurnal heating. With PWATs up around 1.75 inches...any storms could produce locally heavy downpours. Otherwise the sultry conditions will continue...as highs of 85 to 90 will coupled with surface dewpoints near 70 degrees. While this could briefly yield some apparent temperatures near 95 degrees across portions of the Finger Lakes...will hold off on any heat advisories for now given the expected brief/marginal nature of such readings...as well as the potential for convection to inhibit apparent temps from actually getting that high. && .SHORT TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/... Ensemble members show zonal, mid-level flow across the eastern Great Lakes region Monday night through the first part of Tuesday night. A westerly, 500mb flow will increase during this time as a sharp mid- level trough moves south from James Bay. Mid-level winds will begin to back to the southwest ahead of this trough late Tuesday night with a 50kt winds at 500mb across the forecast area by Wednesday afternoon. The trough maintains a positive tilt as it slides across the Great Lakes region Wednesday night. Deterministic models including CAMs show the potential for convectively induced shortwave troughs to trigger convection at times Monday night through Wednesday. A cold front will move through the forecast area Wednesday bringing a switch to cooler and drier weather. Warm and muggy weather is expected Monday night with low temperatures in the low 70s and dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s. A southerly wind will increase through the overnight hours and should preclude widespread fog development, however patchy fog is possible in sheltered valleys. Previous day convection will be exiting the forecast area Monday evening with mostly quiet weather the rest of the night. A convectively induced shortwave trough will approach the region Tuesday morning. Convection may still be ongoing in the warm and humid airmass so chances for showers and thunderstorms will increase across the far west late Monday night into Tuesday morning. This impulse will move across the forecast area late Tuesday morning through Tuesday afternoon. There is some question as to how much surface based instability will form due to cloud cover, however PWATS will be increasing with dewpoints in the low 70s. Temperatures will rise into the low to mid 80s, with mid to upper 80s across the Finger Lakes region into central NY. Instability will likely rise over 1000 J/kg and thunderstorms are expected to increase in coverage. The wind field ahead of an approaching mid-level trough will be increasing, however shear remains weak to marginal. Wet microbursts are possible with an isolated threat of severe storms. Showers and thunderstorms may also form across the Niagara Peninsula and enter Niagara county Tuesday afternoon through Tuesday evening. Any thunderstorms are capable of heavy downpours and localized flooding. At this time, thunderstorm coverage is expected to be isolated to scattered across the forecast area with low confidence that flooding would occur in any particular place. Regarding heat, heat index values may reach the mid 90s in the Finger Lakes region. Cloud cover and rain could play a role in temperatures through the afternoon. While we have heat indices in the mid 90s in this area right now, confidence is not there to issue a Heat Advisory. A cold front will approach the region Tuesday night. Previous afternoon, showers and thunderstorms will move east of the forecast area Tuesday evening, while another round of showers and thunderstorms may move into the forecast area from the west or the south overnight. Confidence is low where and when showers and thunderstorms will be and kept low to medium chances overnight. The cold front will enter the forecast area Wednesday morning. Model consensus shows the cold front entering the forecast area Wednesday morning. As the front moves east, drier and more stable air will move into the region from the west. Showers and thunderstorms will become likely ahead of the cold front but due to the timing of the cold front, the more favorable conditions will be far inland before they move out of the forecast area. Mostly dry weather is expected Wednesday night. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... Sprawling Canadian high pressure will gradually extend eastward across the Great Lakes and Northeast through the period and bring a return to cooler and more comfortable weather. Expect surface dewpoints to fall into the 50s later Wednesday and remain there through Saturday, while highs pull back to the lower to mid 70s Thursday, then only gradually climb back to the upper 70s to lower 80s by Saturday. && .AVIATION /19Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/... High pressure over eastern New York and New England will drift to the Atlantic coastline through tonight. This will allow the first in a series of disturbances to cross far western New York this afternoon along with a few weakening showers and thunderstorms. This wave and its convection will then continue to push further east and weaken as it crosses the rest of the area this evening. In general conditions through this evening will remain VFR under increasing/ lowering clouds...with just a very low chance of restrictions in convection across the Southern Tier. Overnight and Tuesday additional such hard-to-time disturbances will cross the area from west to east...and these in tandem with a general increase in instability will support the potential for some additional scattered showers and storms at times. This being said conditions will continue to be predominantly VFR...with some MVFR ceilings possible across the Southern Tier late tonight...and then some brief/localized MVFR restrictions possible within any convection during Monday. Outlook... Tuesday and Tuesday night...VFR/MVFR with scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms. Wednesday...VFR/MVFR with a chance of showers and thunderstorms. Thursday and Friday...VFR. && .MARINE... High pressure over eastern New York and New England will drift to the Atlantic coastline through tonight. Southwest winds will increase into the 10-15 knot range tonight through Monday as the high drifts off the east coast, enough to produce some chop on Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The southwest winds will increase further Monday night through Tuesday, producing more notable chop on both lakes. There is a chance of a few thunderstorms across eastern Lake Erie and western Lake Ontario this afternoon and evening...then in a more general sense later overnight through Wednesday...with the potential for locally higher winds and waves in and near any storms. && .BUF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NY...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...JJR NEAR TERM...JJR SHORT TERM...HSK LONG TERM...JM/JJR AVIATION...JJR MARINE...Hitchcock/JJR