Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Sterling, VA

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384
FXUS61 KLWX 141837
AFDLWX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC
237 PM EDT Sun Jul 14 2024

.SYNOPSIS...
A surface trough will linger east of I-95 through midweek while high
pressure remains offshore. The surface trough will be overtaken by a
cold front late Wednesday into Thursday. This front will then stall
to the south through the end of the week.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
Several regions of agitated cu are developing across the
region, with the most notable in the vicinity of the Bay Breeze
east of I-95. This is where SPC has placed a Level 1 out of 5
for SVR WX (MRGL Risk), mainly due to effective shear of 30-35
kts. Microbursts look like the biggest threat, though mid-level
lapse rates are rather poor (~5C/km) so updrafts may struggle to
grow. There is a decent overlap in high magnitudes of SFC based
CAPE with a relative max in vorticity along the bay. Moisture
convergence is noted as well with PWs around 1.6-1.8", so any
storm can produce localized heavy rain.

12Z RAOB from IAD along with ACARS data at local airfields show
abundant dry air just off the surface, hence why most locations
haved mixed Tds down into the upper 50s west of the Blue Ridge.
Still hot, but a dry heat. Tds in the 60s for most of the region
to the east of the Blue Ridge.

Most storms will dissipate through the evening. Lows will fall
back into the upper 60s out west to low to mid 70s further east
towards the waters tonight with mostly dry conditions expected.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MONDAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/...
For the start of the workweek, the Bermuda high will likely begin to
break down and allow for increased moisture and humidity locally.
Highs will be right around 100 degrees for many areas,
especially along and east of the Blue Ridge on Monday. Have
upgraded the Excessive Heat Watch for Monday into an Excessive
Heat Warning for the DC and Baltimore metros along with the
northern portions of the Shenandoah Valley into the eastern
panhandle of West Virginia. Elsewhere, heat advisories are in
effect for tomorrow afternoon and evening.

Shower and thunderstorm chances return for the afternoon and
evening hours on Monday. There is some uncertainty with storm
severity that day as a result of decaying MCS dropping down from
the Great Lakes will play an important role in the potential
for any severe thunderstorms Monday afternoon. However, there is
likely a residual lee sfc trough in the vicinity of the
mountains that will act as another forcing/convergence
mechanism. It will be worth monitoring this trend over the next
day or so if a more widespread severe potential will reside
locally. As of now, SPC has most of the area in a Level 1 out of
5 for SVR WX (MRGL Risk) Monday.

An Excessive Heat Watch has been issued for Tuesday for most of
the area aside from the Blue Ridge and Alleghenies. Another day
of heat indices between 100-110F is likely. Showers and
thunderstorm are possible again Tuesday, though more uncertainty
wrt coverage compared to Monday. Overnight lows will drop down
into the upper 60s to low to mid 70s further east towards the
waters.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
A cold front will slowly approach from the Ohio River Valley
Wednesday, then cross the region heading into Thursday. This front
will intersect a very hot, humid, and moderately unstable airmass
over the Mid-Atlantic. Flow aloft remains modest until Wednesday
night, though it may be sufficient enough given the heat and CAPE
present to result in at least loosely organized thunderstorms
capable of heavy downpours and gusty winds. Timing uncertainties
with the front, CAPE/shear overlay, and mesoscale details preclude
higher confidence in any potential severe weather threat.

The front will drift slowly south and stall through the end of the
week. Showers and a few thunderstorms are possible especially south
of I-66/US-50 Thursday closer to the front, though temperatures and
humidity look to be notably lower.

The front (and some heat and humidity) return northward heading into
next weekend.

&&

.AVIATION /18Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
VFR conditions are expected today into Monday with only an isolated
chance for a thunderstorm or rain shower to impact the terminals
briefly this afternoon and Monday afternoon. Winds will continue to
be fairly light out of the south to southwest heading into Tuesday.
Shower and thunderstorm chances look to decrease by Tuesday
afternoon but still none-zero. VFR conditions will likely persist
for much of the period.

Sub-VFR conditions are possible briefly in TS Wed PM-Thu. S winds
become NW generally AOB 10 kts outside of TS.

&&

.MARINE...
Main change to the marine forecast was the introduction of the
potential for SMWs this afternoon and evening. Background winds
will turn more southerly later this evening.

Additional SMWs are possible in any thunderstorms Monday and
Tuesday afternoon and evening. Better coverage/confidence
appears to be on Monday, though some uncertainty remains.

Southerly to southwesterly flow may approach SCA levels ahead of a
cold front Wednesday. Showers and a few thunderstorms are likely as
the front crosses late Wednesday into Thursday, some of which may
produce gusty winds.

&&

.TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...
Anamolies will be slightly elevated over the next several days
with some more sensitive tidal locations reaching action stage.
No minor flooding is expected over the next several tide cycles
locally.

&&

.CLIMATE...
Here are some daily high temperature records during the July 15-17
timeframe next week.

Records (RERs) are only issued for DCA, IAD, BWI, and MRB, but
other sites are shown for reference. A `+` sign indicates multiple years
currently hold that record.


                ***MONDAY, JULY 15TH, 2024***
LOCATION                       RECORD (YEAR)        FORECAST
Washington-National (DCA)        100F (1988)          101F
Washington-Dulles (IAD)           98F (1995)          100F
Baltimore (BWI)                  102F (1995)          101F
Martinsburg (MRB)                107F (1936)           98F
Charlottesville (CHO)            102F (1954)           99F
Annapolis (NAK)                  101F (1995)           98F
Hagerstown (HGR)                 102F (1954)           98F

                  ***TUESDAY, JULY 16TH, 2024***
LOCATION                       RECORD (YEAR)        FORECAST
Washington-National (DCA)        104F (1988)          101F
Washington-Dulles (IAD)          104F (1988)          101F
Baltimore (BWI)                  104F (1988)          101F
Martinsburg (MRB)                107F (1988)          100F
Charlottesville (CHO)            102F (1988)          100F
Annapolis (NAK)                   98F (1997)+          98F
Hagerstown (HGR)                 104F (1988)          100F

                 ***WEDNESDAY, JULY 17TH, 2024***
LOCATION                       RECORD (YEAR)        FORECAST
Washington-National (DCA)        102F (1980)           97F
Washington-Dulles (IAD)          100F (1997)+          97F
Baltimore (BWI)                  101F (1988)           97F
Martinsburg (MRB)                102F (1988)+          94F
Charlottesville (CHO)            100F (1988)+          97F
Annapolis (NAK)                  100F (1900)           94F
Hagerstown (HGR)                 100F (1953)+          95F

&&

.LWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
DC...Excessive Heat Warning from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for
     DCZ001.
     Excessive Heat Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday
     evening for DCZ001.
MD...Excessive Heat Warning from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for
     MDZ003-006-008-011-013-014-016>018-504-506>508.
     Excessive Heat Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday
     evening for MDZ003>006-008-011-013-014-016>018-502>508.
     Heat Advisory from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for MDZ004-005-502-
     503-505.
VA...Excessive Heat Warning from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for
     VAZ027>031-053>055-057-527.
     Excessive Heat Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday
     evening for VAZ026>031-037>040-050-051-053>057-501-502-
     505-506-526-527.
     Heat Advisory from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for VAZ025-026-
     036>040-050-051-056-501-502-504>506-526.
WV...Excessive Heat Warning from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for
     WVZ051>053.
     Excessive Heat Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday
     evening for WVZ050>053-055-502-504.
     Heat Advisory from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for WVZ050-055-502-
     504-506.

&&

$$

SYNOPSIS...DHOF
NEAR TERM...CPB
SHORT TERM...CPB
LONG TERM...DHOF
AVIATION...DHOF/CPB
MARINE...DHOF/CPB
TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...LWX
CLIMATE...LWX