Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Billings, MT

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964
FXUS65 KBYZ 181924
AFDBYZ

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Billings MT
124 PM MDT Thu Jul 18 2024

.DISCUSSION...
Through Friday Night...

Satellite imagery shows a weak upper low moving slowly along the
MT/AB border, at crest of strong ridge overhead. Flow aloft is
fairly weak but there is a 60kt H3 jet analyzed near Great Falls,
and over time we will fall under its RRQ (i.e. weak synoptic scale
ascent). Mesoanalysis shows cape slowly increasing but as of 19z
there remains abundant CIN. As temps get into the 90s over the
next couple of hours, we should achieve 500-1000 j/kg of SBCAPE
while inhibition diminishes. Regional radar shows convection
beginning to develop in south central MT, including near Gardiner,
so everything seems to be on track.

Main thunderstorm risk today is wind. Pwats currently ~0.80"
expected to rise to 0.90-1.00" this afternoon, mid-high level
moisture that along with steep low level lapse rates should
support wet microbursts. Today`s HREF shows highest wind probs in
the NW quadrant of our forecast area, as far east as Rosebud
County. Outside of this area there is still a risk of t-storms and
sub-severe gusts. Locally heavy rain and small hail are also
possible with any of today`s storms.

PV max will track thru north central and eastern MT over the next
18 hours, and this should yield more showers w/embedded non-severe
t-storms over our east (east of Billings) overnight into Friday
morning. The potential for multiple rounds of showers will
obviously be good for our increasing fire concerns, but the
chances of wetting rain (0.10"+) at any given location is still
relatively low at 10-40% (highest eastern zones).

Subsidence will spread over the region as NW flow develops behind
the wave late tonight and Friday. Nonetheless, pwats will remain
somewhat elevated tomorrow (near an inch in our east) and this
should be enough to allow modest diurnal cape to be achieved even
with warming at mid levels. Thus, look for isolated showers and
weak t-storms tomorrow afternoon and early evening in our east and
southern upslope areas. Billings will probably stay dry but should
see cumulus and perhaps a few sprinkles. Any activity will
diminish by sunset and the remainder of Friday night will be dry.

Temps will cool somewhat behind tonight`s wave but remain warmer
than normal. Look for highs tomorrow mostly upper 80s to mid 90s.

One final thing: our region will remain impacted by lofted smoke
from numerous wildfires to our west. That said, when the flow
turns to northerly, we will need to watch for Canadian smoke as
there are also many active fires in northern AB.

JKL

Saturday through Thursday...

Clusters showed a slight cyclonic flow aloft on the eastern side
of the upper ridge on Saturday. In addition, a weak backdoor front
will slide SW into the area. Thus continued the idea of expanding
low PoPs from Rosebud County E in the afternoon and had slight
chance PoPs over most of the area Sat. evening. Monsoonal
moisture supported 30-50% PoPs over the southern mountains. Highs
will be in the upper 80s to mid 90s. Nudged wind gusts toward the
NBM 90th percentile on Saturday based on signals from the ECMWF
ensemble. Ridging will bring mostly dry conditions for Sunday,
except for low mountain PoPs. It will be slightly cooler than
Saturday.

Upper ridging continues Monday with less monsoonal moisture, and
thus a dry forecast. Temperatures will be similar to Sunday`s
readings. For Tuesday through Thursday, the ridge remains over the
region, but SW flow starts to edge E into the area ahead of the
next trough late in the period. PoPs increase to 30-40% over the
SW mountains and low chances for thunderstorms spread over the
western zones Wednesday and Thursday afternoons. Airmass will be
warming Tue. through Thursday with a 30-60% chance of reaching 100
degrees in the river valleys and over most of the climate sites on
Wednesday. On Thursday, chances of reaching 100 degrees become
more widespread across the forecast area with 30-60%
probabilities. Several sites could reach or exceed record temps,
including KBIL where the record on Thursday is 98 degrees. May
need heat highlights in the mid to late part of the week.

Regarding fire weather concerns...at this point, the Fosberg
indices were low and the Hot Dry Windy Index was also not showing
much. Arthur

&&

.AVIATION...

Expect scattered thunderstorms with movement from west to east
this afternoon and evening. Storms have the potential to produce
strong surface wind gusts (to 50+ knots) as well as local MVFR-
IFR in heavy rain, and small hail. All TAF sites are at risk of
seeing a TS (see table below). A weak disturbance passing thru
eastern MT will keep the risk of showers and weak t-storms going
thru the night and into Friday morning in southeast MT (east of
KBIL). Otherwise, VFR conditions will prevail over the next 24
hours, while slant range visibility is reduced at times due to
wildfire smoke.

TS POTENTIAL TIMING TODAY:
KBIL  22-06Z
KLVM  20-04Z
KMLS  02-12Z
KSHR  21-06Z

JKL

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMP/POPS...

    Fri     Sat     Sun     Mon     Tue     Wed     Thu
-----------------------------------------------------------
BIL 065/093 065/095 064/092 063/092 063/096 065/100 066/100
    40/U    01/U    20/U    00/U    00/U    01/U    11/B
LVM 055/093 054/092 055/091 053/091 054/096 058/098 059/097
    41/U    01/U    11/U    00/U    01/U    12/T    12/T
HDN 062/093 060/095 061/092 059/094 060/097 060/101 062/102
    51/U    01/U    20/U    00/U    00/U    00/G    11/G
MLS 066/091 064/092 065/090 064/091 064/094 065/098 066/099
    52/T    12/T    20/U    00/U    00/U    00/U    00/U
4BQ 067/092 062/091 063/089 061/090 062/094 063/098 065/100
    42/T    12/T    20/U    00/U    00/U    00/U    00/U
BHK 065/090 060/090 059/088 059/088 059/091 061/095 062/096
    54/T    12/T    20/U    01/U    00/U    00/U    10/U
SHR 060/092 055/090 056/088 055/089 056/093 057/097 059/098
    42/T    12/T    21/U    01/U    00/U    00/U    01/U

&&

.BYZ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MT...None.
WY...None.

&&

$$
weather.gov/billings